Economics of Greenhouse Gas Limitations
Hungary Country Study

ISBN: 87-550-2581-1 (Internet: 87-550-2583-8)

Table of Contents

I.    INTRODUCTION
I.1.    BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RESPONSIBLE GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION APPROACHES
I.2.    OUTLINE OF THE STUDY

II.    ECONOMIC BACKGROUND
II.1.    BASIC INDICATORS
II.2.    ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF HUNGARY SINCE 1990
II.3.    POPULATION GROWTH
II.4.    EMPLOYMENT
II.5.    STANDARD OF LIFE
II.6.    REVIEW OF THE HUNGARIAN ENERGY SECTOR AND ENERGY POLICIES
II.7.    REVIEW OF THE HUNGARIAN FORESTRY SECTOR AND FOREST POLICY

III.    BASELINE SCENARIO
III.1.    STRUCTURAL SCENARIOS FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH
III.2.    MAIN TENDENCIES BETWEEN THE YEARS 2005 AND 2030
III.3.    GHG INVENTORY OF HUNGARY (BASED ON THE “BOTTOM-UP” APPROACH)
III.4.    PROJECTIONS OF FUEL-RELATED CO2 EMISSIONS (USING THE “TOP-DOWN” METHOD)
III.5.    PROJECTIONS OF FORESTRY-RELATED CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIALS

IV.    MITIGATION SCENARIOS
IV.1.    OVERVIEW OF PAST ENERGY EFFICIENCY INITIATIVES IN THE RESIDENTIAL AND
           COMMUNAL SECTORS OF HUNGARY
IV.2.    MEASURES/TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
IV.3.    CONSERVATION POTENTIAL AND RELATED COSTS
IV.4.    SELECTED MEASURES IN DETAILS
IV.5.    CARBON MITIGATION POTENTIALS IN THE FORESTRY SECTOR
IV.6.    SUMMARY OF GHG MITIGATION POTENTIALS
IV.7.    MARGINAL COST CURVES OF GHG MITIGATION OPTIONS IN HUNGARY

V.    MACRO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF THE MITIGATION SCENARIO
V.1.    EFFECTS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND GHG EMISSIONS
V.2.    CHANGE IN THE ENERGY STRUCTURE
V.3.    TOTAL COST OF THE PROJECT FOR THE SOCIETY
V.4.    TOTAL ANNUAL INVESTMENT COST OF THE MITIGATION SCENARIO
V.5.    SECTORAL EFFECTS

VI.    IMPLEMENTATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION OPTIONS IN HUNGARY
VI.1.    INTRODUCTION
VI.2.    STRATEGIC FRAMEWORKS OF MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE ENERGY-EFFICIENCY
           OF THE DEMAND SIDE: IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL AND
           ENERGY POLICIES
VI.3.    THE FEASIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES AT THE
           DEMAND SIDE IN HUNGARY
VI.4.    FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENTS FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION BY FORESTRY
           PRACTICES IN HUNGARY
VI.5.    CASE STUDY 1: CARBON/ENERGY TAX AS AN IMPLEMENTATION TOOL FOR THE REDUCTION
           OF CO2 EMISSIONS IN HUNGARY
VI.6.    CASE STUDY 2: THE EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING OBJECTIVES OF THE MITIGATION SCENARIO
VI.7.    IMPLEMENTATION ASSISTANCE FOR THE SELECTED MITIGATION MEASURES

VII.    REFERENCES

VIII.    APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1. - TABLES
APPENDIX 2. - FIGURES