E+
ENERGY, CLIMATE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
A Newsletter of UNEP Risoe Centre (URC) and UNEP
December 2011
Technology Needs Assessments – Four
countries to complete their action plans
The Technology Needs Assessment project is producing the first results. Four of
the 36 participating countries– Morocco, Indonesia, Costa Rica and Mali– are
finalizing their Technology Action Plans (TAPs). While Mali and Morocco’s TAPs
have been completed and are under review, Costa Rica and Indonesia will be
completed by COP 17.
Funded by the GEF, the TNA project helps countries define what kind of
technologies are best suited for their climate change mitigation and adaptation
efforts, and what is the best way to get them up and running. TNAs also present
an opportunity to track evolving needs for new equipment, techniques, knowledge,
and skills for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and reducing vulnerability to
climate change.
Developing a high-quality TNA is a complicated endeavour, requiring familiarity
with market conditions such as end-user characteristics, financial and
institutional barriers, local capacity for innovation, regulatory policy, and
frameworks. In addition to providing much needed support throughout the TNA
process, the project also helps countries take the next step of developing TAPs
that will enable and facilitate the smooth transfer of the selected
technologies. TAPs include diffusion targets, investment requirements, practical
solutions for removing policy, regulatory and technological barriers, and
financial incentives for technology users, owners and suppliers.
Indonesia, Mali, and Costa Rica will be presenting their TAPs and explaining
their importance at a COP 17 project side-event on November 30 in Durban. At the
same side-event, URC will launch Technology Transfer Perspectives, a new
publication series that examines different approaches to technology transfer.
The first two publications cover both mitigation and adaptation approaches
respectively.
Other publications pertaining to the TNA project include the Handbook for
Conducting Technology Needs Assessment for Climate Change (UNDP 2010), developed
by UNDP in collaboration with UNEP, the UNFCCC Secretariat and the Expert Group
on Technology Transfer, as well as four sector-specific guidebooks:
• Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation–Coastal Erosion and Flooding
• Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation– Water Sector
• Technologies for Climate Change Mitigation–Transport Sector, and
• Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation– Agriculture Sector
A fifth guidebook, on climate change mitigation in the agriculture sector, will
be published soon. For more information about the TNA project and publications,
please visit www.tech-action.org
For more information, please contact:
At UNEP, Lawrence Agbemabiese,
Lawrence.Agbemabiese@unep.org
At URC, Jorge Rogat, jorr@risoe.dtu.dk
UNEP Risø Centre Turns 20!
On November 4, 2011, UNEP RISØ Centre (URC) celebrated its 20th anniversary in
Copenhagen.
The event commemorated two decades of “being a visionary institution, creating
value through social and technical sciences,” in the words of Christian Friis
Bach, the Danish Minister for Development Cooperation. The minister attended the
celebration along with several leading climate change experts and
representatives from UNEP, the World Bank, UNFCCC, Danish government ministries,
NGOs, the private sector, and academia. The Minister saluted URC’s team of over
40 scientists from 16 countries, and their continued work on energy, climate,
and sustainable development.
Anders Bjarklev, President of Technical University of Denmark, the home of URC,
pointed out that the ongoing discussion around green growth and low carbon
development is as important and urgent as ever.
The Minister agreed, noting that people around the world have taken tangible
steps to address climate change and that there is every reason to be hopeful.
“Green growth and sustainable development is possible,” he said, “and URC should
continue to play its pivotal role in bringing in science as key to the solutions
in this endeavour”.
FIRM – Supporting countries embarking on a
Low Carbon Development path
Launched in July 2011, Facilitating Implementation and Readiness for Mitigation
(FIRM) is already up and running, with scoping missions in Ghana and Morocco,
two of the nine participating countries. Funded by the Danish government and
jointly implemented by UNEP and URC, the project will support Costa Rica,
Senegal, Ethiopia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Ghana, and Morocco strengthen their
national mitigation plans and get a “quick start” on identifying and elaborating
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). Collaboration with Mexico and
South Africa will focus on using their experiences in a south- south
collaboration. The programme builds on existing mitigation analyses, such as
Technology Needs Assessments (TNAs), allowing partner countries to quickly
engage and rapidly move from project planning to implementation.
FIRM helps countries overcome non-financial barriers to NAMAs with a package of
support services that is complete, but flexible. Country activities support
national climate and development plans and priorities, while results feed
directly into the UNFCCC process, helping build confidence in broad multilateral
solutions to climate change.
For more information, please contact:
At UNEP, Martina Otto, Martina.otto@unep.org
At URC, Miriam Hinostroza, milh@risoe.dtu.dk
GNESD and IRENA – Working Together To Expand Renewable Energy Access
The UNEP-facilitated Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD)
recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the International Renewable
Energy Agency (IRENA), with the intent of pooling resources to improve renewable
energy access in developing countries. This new partnership will work together
to find renewable energy solutions to the energy access puzzle, sharing
knowledge and pinpointing synergies that optimize both organizations’
objectives.
The partnership’s first joint undertaking will be an in-depth study examining
ways to overcome the roadblocks obstructing access to renewable energy
electricity programmes in developing countries. The final report will present
overviews of sustainable rural electrification for Africa, Asia, and Latin
America, and include several case studies.
For more information, please contact:
John Christensen, joch@risoe.dtu.dk
Sustainability indicators and Low Carbon Transport in India
Sustainability indicators are essential tools for measuring just how sustainable
a proposed transport system might be–which is why the Promoting Low Carbon
Transport in India project has been putting them front and centre during recent
stakeholder workshops. Designed to create a policy environment that is conducive
to building sustainable transport systems in Indian cities, this year-old
project has taken a decisive step forward by conducting two workshops that
brought together the project’s three main partner institutions–the Indian
Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi,
and CEPT University–with academics, experts, representatives from NGOs, and
other stakeholders to identify the indicators necessary for measuring
sustainability.
Identifying the right infrastructures and services is crucial to establishing a
vision of India’s low carbon transport future, and the biggest challenge is
finding those that will accommodate the country’s growing mobility demands while
simultaneously reducing the negative impacts of that growth. A winning strategy
requires an integrated approach using measures that enhance mobility while
minimizing carbon intensity. The indicators selected during the workshops will
help India make these important decisions, and steer its transport sector down a
sustainable low carbon path.
Sustainability indicators make it possible to measure progress in terms of
social, development, and environmental outcomes, instead of simply measuring
economic performance. The project has established indicators on two levels:
macro (or national) and city. On a macro level, the indicators address subjects
like energy security, cost, subsidies, and air pollution. On a city level,
indicators include passenger access, travel time, infrastructure, safety, land
use, and public health, among other issues. Reports on the outcomes of both
workshops are available on the project’s website (see below for address).
The two workshops covered different topics. While the first, held in Ahmedabad
last August, focused mainly on the sustainability indicators discussed above,
the second, held in New Delhi in October, also examined an integrated assessment
of the transport sector in India, using an integrated modeling framework that
projects impacts from 2010 to 2050. This workshop also looked at methodologies
for creating low carbon mobility plans for Indian cities. The low carbon
mobility plans would provide a long term strategic approach for project
development under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission. This
programme aims at helping cities expand and improve access to low carbon
transport options like walking, cycling, and public transit.
Case studies were also highlighted during the New Delhi workshop, where examples
of metro transport systems, bus rapid transit, and dedicated rail freight
corridors were presented and discussed. Lastly, the final results of the
discussions and surveys identifying sustainability indicators were presented.
The macro indicators will be used to develop alternative scenarios for a low
carbon pathway, making projections up to 2050, while the city indicators will be
used for low carbon mobility plans, projecting ahead 20 years to 2030.
Promoting Low Carbon Transport in India is jointly implemented by UNEP and URC,
and funded by the German government’s International Climate Initiative. For more
information, and to download documents pertaining to the sustainability
indicators, workshops, and other issues, please visit the project’s website:
www.unep.org/transport/lowcarbon
For more information, please contact:
At UNEP, Kamala Ernest, kamala.ernest@unep.org
At URC, Subash Dhar, subash.dhar@risoe.dtu.dk
Scaling up carbon assets in Africa – ACAD
The pilot phase of the African Carbon Asset Development (ACAD) Facility is
coming to a close having already delivered impressive results: 14 carbon
projects in 9 countries have received ACAD support and another 20 will soon be
brought on board. In 2011 alone, ACAD arranged roughly US$ 1 million in support
to diverse, highly replicable GHG reduction projects across Africa. This has
enabled landmark projects such as the Lake Turkana Wind Power project– Africa’s
largest wind power deal–to get registered under the U.N. Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM). Similarly, eco-entrepreneurs in Mozambique, Mali, Burkina Faso,
South Africa, and Rwanda are using ACAD support for business and project
feasibility planning in innovative ways that integrate carbon revenue into their
business models. Over 300 bankers and other representatives of African financial
institutions have similarly received advanced training on carbon investment at
regional workshops, and benefited from the guidance of a full-time staff expert
in Johannesburg.
Designed to help African banks and entrepreneurs overcome market entry barriers
to the carbon market, ACAD shares the costs and early-stage risks of developing
carbon projects. The facility offers a range of services, bridging the technical
expertise on carbon and energy finance of UNEP & URC with the African footprint
and banking know-how of Standard Bank Group. For example, ACAD offers hands-on
training for local banks, technical support for project developers, and targeted
grants for carbon project transaction costs.
In the scale-up phase, ACAD will bring another 20 projects to financial closure
in Sub-Saharan Africa, two-thirds of which are expected to be located in
least-developed countries. Co-funding for this next phase is in the final stages
of being mobilized with a new call for projects planned for December 2011. For
more information on ACAD’s grant making and project successes, please visit the
website: www.acadfacility.org
For more information, please contact:
At UNEP, James Vener, James.vener@unep.org
At URC, Glenn Hodes, gsho@risoe.dtu.dk
Two New Knowledge Tools:
A new knowledge tool for improving energy access
A new knowledge tool will be launched at COP 17: the GNESD Energy Access
Knowledge Base. This new knowledge tool provides easy access to well structured
and searchable information about energy access initiatives worldwide. It
collects case studies in Africa, Asia and Latin America including policies,
projects and programmes which have helped increase access to energy services for
households, communities, and small-scale businesses.
The tool was designed for policy makers, researchers, practitioners, and others
interested in the energy access issues. The GNESD Member Centres are the main
contributors to the knowledge base; the website will be maintained by UNEP Risø
Centre.
For more information please contact
John Christensen, joch@risoe.dtu.dk
A platform for sharing knowledge: AfriCAN Climate
A consortium of 10 organizations from eight different countries–including URC–is
set to create a vast web-based knowledge platform for climate change research in
Africa. Coordinated by WIP Renewable Energies, the AfriCAN Climate Knowledge
Platform aims to be interactive, multimedia, pan-continental, multi-lingual, and
interdisciplinary, making it possible for stakeholders throughout Africa to
access vital information on research results and good practices.
URC’s role will be to identify mature and successfully implemented good practice
cases. Given its experience in low carbon development and climate change issues
in developing countries, URC has accumulated a large store of examples of good
practices in Africa. By the time the knowledge platform is launched, it should
include at least 30 case studies.
For more information, please contact
James Haselip, jhas@risoe.dtu.dk
URC partners with its new neighbour: The Global Green Growth Institute
In May 2011, the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) opened its Copenhagen
branch at the Technical University of Denmark, Risø Campus–right next door to
URC. GGGI is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting “green growth,”
i.e., economic growth that reduces carbon emissions, increases sustainability,
and strengthens climate resilience. Its organizational structure is
interdisciplinary, multi-stakeholder and driven by emerging and developing
countries.
The first collaborative effort between URC and its new neighbour was the 2011
Perspectives report, Progressing Towards Post-2012 Carbon Markets. The
publication focuses on the role of carbon markets in low carbon development and
green growth, and how they can help fill sustainability gaps in a post-Kyoto
world.
URC and GGGI are now working together on a project in the United Arab Emirates
designed to develop a national Green Growth Plan. URC will lend a hand in the
capacity-building component of this three-year partnership between GGGI and the
UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Perspectives can be downloaded at
www.acp-cd4cdm.org
For more information about GGGI, please visit the GGGI website at:
www.gggi.org
The Green Facility focuses on the Maldives and Ghana
After a two-year first phase that provided CDM capacity development to five
Sub-Saharan African countries, the Green Facility has now branched out into the
Maldives and Ghana. Funded by Danida, the Green Facility was created to provide
developing countries with technical assistance and capacity building so they can
integrate the CDM into their national economic development plans and support the
objectives of the Nairobi Framework.
In August 2011, the Maldives Ministry of Housing and the Environment signed an
Agreement of Collaboration with URC with the aim of creating CDM projects and
easing the Maldives’ entry into the global carbon market. Once this capacity
building project is completed in 2013 the Maldives should be able to identify,
design, approve, finance, implement, and monitor CDM projects that not only
address their country’s sustainable development priorities, but also offer a
cost-effective way for carbon credit buyers to fulfill their obligations under
the Kyoto Protocol.
One of the most exciting aspects of the Maldives collaboration is the Zero
Carbon Action Plan, which sets a goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2020. In
order to reach this target, this plan will offer a two-track approach: immediate
objectives for capping GHG emissions, and long term measures and policies for
pursuing those objectives. At the time of going to the press, the launch was
scheduled for the end of November 2011, with meetings planned to cover a range
of issues effecting the electricity, tourism, transportation, and waste sectors,
as well as setting down the basics of a Master Plan.
So far, the Green Facility in Ghana is focusing on supporting a low carbon
development strategy and specific
CDM and NAMA projects, such as using bioenergy to fuel transport, Bus Rapid
Transit schemes, and other ventures aimed at reducing GHG emissions.
The Green Facility is designed and implemented by URC and funded by the Danish
government. For more information, please visit the project’s website:
www.uneprisoe.org/greenfacility
For more information, please contact: Jørgen Fenhann,
jqfe@risoe.dtu.dk
Navigating the CDM Process in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific
URC is helping to make the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) process more
manageable for African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries. A continuation
of the successful CD4CDM project, the CDM Capacity Building Programme of the MEA
ACP Project is helping developing ACP nations overcome CDM administrative
hurdles and gain access to the carbon market through training, expert advice,
and consultations on CDM project identification, design, and implementation.
Twelve countries are participating in the URC-implemented project: Angola,
Belize, Botswana, Côte d’Ivoire, Cuba, Malawi, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and
Principe, Trinidad and Tobago, Fiji, and Vanuatu. As the end of the first
commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol approaches in 2012, these countries are
diligently polishing national regulations and consolidating their national CDM
project portfolios. As part of the project activities, URC is also supporting
the development of national CDM project portfolios. Currently, 28 PINs have been
developed in the energy and waste sectors (2 in Belize; 6 in Botswana; 3 in
Malawi; 15 in Cuba; and 2 in Rwanda) and two PDDs in Cuba, both in energy
efficiency, are in the validation process (please see the PIN and PDD documents
at www.acp-cd4cdm.org under ‘other
project sites’ in country websites).
The project has also conducted a number of training workshops on various steps
of the CDM project cycle. Verification and validation processes were the focus
of workshops held in Belize (17–18 August), Botswana (7–8 September), and
Nigeria (14–15 September). Two regional scope workshops were also held in
Trinidad and Tobago (8–10 November) and Fiji (31 October–3 November).
The many facets of participating in the CDM were discussed in detail at the
African Carbon Forum and the Latin American Carbon Forum, which took place in
July and September, respectively (see article below).
For more information about the MEA ACP Project, please visit
www.acp-cd4cdm.org, or contact Miriam
Hinostroza at milh@risoe.dtu.dk
Carbon Forums – Everything you always wanted to know about the CDM
Complementing the efforts of the ACP–MEA project (see above), the Latin American
Carbon Forum (LACF) and the African Carbon Forum (ACF) provide both established
players and potential participants a chance to meet, exchange ideas, and learn
new strategies for making the most of the global carbon market.
In 2011, over 900 project developers, financers, entrepreneurs, forestry
specialists, government officials, and others attended the LACF in San José,
Costa Rica, which took place in September, while more than 1,100 participated in
the ACF in Marrakesh, Morocco in July. Both outgrowths of the Nairobi Framework,
the forums demonstrated the benefits of regional cooperation in extending the
CDM’s reach.
As Henry Derwent, President and CEO of the International Emissions Trading
Association put it at the ACF, “For commercial as well as political reasons, the
carbon offset market is now focused on Africa, whether for CDM projects or
voluntary offsets, renewable energy, forestry, or land use. The ACF is helping
Africa understand and seize these opportunities.”
The next Africa Carbon Forum is schedule to take place in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
in April 2012.
For more information please see
www.africacarbonforum.com
New Publications
Progressing towards post-2012 carbon markets
The annual Perspectives Series features a topic of pivotal importance to the
global carbon market. The series seeks to communicate the diverse insights and
visions of leading actors in the emerging global carbon market to better inform
the decisions of professionals and policy makers. Progressing towards post-2012
carbon markets focuses on the role of carbon markets in contributing to low
carbon development and new mechanisms for green growth.
A primer on Framing Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in
developing countries
This UNEP primer aims to contribute to the clarification of NAMAs by presenting
the basic principles, proposing some possible elements of a national LCDS and
NAMA preparation process, and provides a template for NAMA articulation. These
proposals are not presented as ultimate thoughts, but as specific ideas for
discussion and practical testing.
Overcoming Barriers for Transfer and Diffusion of Climate Technologies
This guidebook provides practical and operational guidance on how to assess and
overcome barriers facing the transfer and diffusion of technologies for climate
change mitigation and adaptation. It is designed to support the analysis of
specific technologies, instead of pursuing a sectoral (e.g. transport) or
technology group (e.g. renewable energy) approach. Given that there is no single
solution to enhancing technology transfer and diffusion policies need be
tailored to country-specific context and interests, this book presents a
flexible approach, identifying various assessment options and tools for analysts
and decision makers.
TNA Guidebook: Financing Mitigation Projects – Renewable Energy, Energy
Efficiency, and Waste Management
This guidebook is developed to help countries identify and access financial
resources for their climate change mitigation projects. Covering both
multilateral and bilateral financing sources and private financing sources, it
focuses on mitigation projects in the prioritised mitigation sectors of
renewable energy, energy efficiency, and waste management. It provides hands-on
guidance on how to prepare high quality project proposals and will be useful to
a broad range of stakeholders from government institutions, non-government
organisations, and the private sector.
Diffusion of renewable energy technologies: Case studies of enabling
frameworks in developing countries
This edition of the Technology Transfer Perspectives Series focuses on how to
create an ‘enabling framework’ for the diffusion of renewable energy
technologies in developing countries, i.e., going beyond technology transfer to
the scaling-up of investment. Through 9 articles including several case studies
from around the world, this edition provides examples of policies for the
diffusion of specific technologies such as solar, wind and biomass, as well as
the establishment of broader frameworks targeting a portfolio of renewable
technologies.
Technologies for Adaptation: Perspectives and Practical Experiences
This edition of URC’s Technology Transfer Perspectives series brings 10 articles
from a number of adaptation experts and practitioners around the globe. Each
article presented discusses issues related to the definition and application of
the concept of ‘technologies for adaptation’. It is hoped that the insights,
experiences and recommendations shared in this collection of articles will
inspire a broader international debate on the concept and practical application
of technologies for adaptation.
Bioenergy: The potential for rural development and poverty alleviation - a
Summary for Policy Makers
Published by the Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD)
The publication ‘Bioenergy and Rural Development for Poverty Alleviation’ in
which GNESD Centres in Africa, Asia and Latin America analyzes biomass resource
potential and energy policies promoting the deployment of bioenergy and how
bioenergy can be effectively employed in bringing about rural development and
poverty alleviation in 18 countries across the globe. The publication provides
policy recommendations for consideration by decision makers in promoting the use
of bioenergy in developing countries and emerging economies.
Staff Changes
Cosmas M.O. Ochieng
Climate Change Expert
Cosmas Ochieng joined UNEP Risø Centre on 1st September 2011. He holds a DPhil
in Development Studies from Oxford University. He previously worked on a number
of development and environment policy issues (agriculture, land, water and
international trade) for various organizations including Lancaster University,
IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute), Ecoagriculture Partners
and ActionAid, UK. At UNEP Risø Centre, he is a member of the Climate Strategies
and Resilient Development Programme.
Daniel Puig
Senior Climate Change Expert
Daniel Puig joined the UNEP Risø Centre on 1st July, 2010. He holds a MSc in
Biological Sciences and postgraduate degrees in environmental management and
environmental legislation. In 1994, Daniel worked in Finland’s Water and
Environment Research Institute on water quality issues. He then worked for COWI
A/S, a consulting company based in Denmark, on analyses of European Union
environmental policies. Between 2001 and 2011 he worked for UNEP’s Division of
Technology, Industry and Economics, mostly on issues related to climate change
mitigation. At the UNEP Risø Centre he is a member of the Cleaner Energy
Development Programme.
Søren Lutken
Senior Advisor
Søren Lutken has a background from private consulting in finance and environment
related project development as well as almost 15 years of public administration
in the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He holds a PhD in corporate
investment strategies for CDM on the basis of which he administered the Danish
bilateral climate change programme with China from 2006 to 2010. He is the
author of ‘Corporate Strategies and the CDM’ (Edward Elgar © 2008). He joined
UNEP Risø in August 2010 where he is a member of the Energy and Carbon Finance
Programme.
Sudhir Sharma
Senior Climate Change Expert
Sudhir is working with Energy and Finance team at UNEP Risø Centre (Technical
University of Denmark). His work is focussed on developing country mitigation
strategies and actions, including market and non-market mechanisms to support
them. He holds a doctorate in Development Economies and was trained as an
Engineer. He brings with rich experience of negotiations from his association
with UNFCCC, where he worked on CDM and supporting negotiations under the Bali
Road Map, and extensive work before that on policies, developing projects and
programmes, and implementation of climate change mitigation in developing
countries.
Denis Desgain
Climate Change Expert
Denis Desgain joined UNEP Risø Centre on 1st August 2011. He holds an Msc in
Life Sciences and a PhD in Agronomical Sciences and Biotechnology. From 1998 to
2004 he worked as a researcher in Europe and in Cuba on a number of scientific
topics (plant physiology, plant molecular genetics, and water quality and
sanitation). From 2005 to 2011 Denis worked for the UNDP Country Office in Cuba
as Energy & Environment Programme Specialist. At UNEP Risø Centre, he is a
member of the Energy and Carbon Finance Programme and works on different issues
related to planning and climate change.
Jyoti Painuly
After spending 14 years at URC, Jyoti is taking a break from the centre and
moves to India to join Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC;
http://www.cercind.gov.in) where he will
work as an advisor.
Anne Olhoff
After two years in Washington DC, Anne has returned to URC to coordinate the
work in the Climate Strategies and Resilient Development Programme.
Meet us during COP 17
30 Nov. Durban Country Club
14:30 to 16:30
Framework for Low Carbon Development in Developing Countries – Opportunities and
Challenges
30 Nov. Durban Country Club
17:00 to 19:00
Technology Needs Assessment Project: Lessons learnt and presentation of
Technology Action Plans (TAP )
2 Dec. IETA Pavilion @ Standard Bank office, Durban
15:30 to 16:45
ACAD Project: Scaling-up investments in the African carbon market
5 Dec. Durban Country Club
9:30 to 13:30
GNESD Network: Energy Access: Eradicating Global Energy Poverty
5 Dec. African Pavilion Room 3
18:15 to 21:30
Energy and Carbon Finance group: Scaling up Mitigation Actions from CDM to NAMAs
8 Dec. ICC, Room 1
16:45 to 18:15
Official Side event: GNESD, Foundacion Bariloche and UNF
Overcoming barriers to enable affordable and cleaner energy access for the poor
New Research Assistants
Lars Christensen
Climate Strategies and Resilient Development Programme
Mathilde Brix
Cleaner Energy Development Programme
Pedro Filipe Paralta Carqueija
Energy and Carbon Finance Programme
Jacob Ipsen Hansen
Energy and Carbon Finance Programme
E+ provides information on the
activities at URC and UNEP. The views expressed here do not necessarily
represent those of UNEP, DTU or Danida. Previous issues can be found at
www.uneprisoe.org/newsletters.htm. To receive an electronic or printed copy
of E+, please register on our website
www.uneprisoe.org or contact Pia Riis at
pirh@risoe.dtu.dk. For all other information or comment, please contact the
editor, Mette Annelie Rasmussen (meta@risoe.dtu.dk).
UNEP Risø Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable development (URC), Risø
National Laboratory – DTU, P.O. box 49, DK 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Tel +45 4632
2288, Fax +45 4632 1999, www.uneprisoe.org
UNEP Energy Programme, Division of Industry, Technology and Economics, 15 rue de
Milan, 75441 Paris Cedex 09, France. Tel +33 (0) 1 4437 1429, Fax +33 (0) 1 4437
1474, www.uneptie.org/energy